Boston and its surrounding area post-nuclear fallout can be a very dangerous place indeed. What with giant cockroaches and super mutants roaming around. Thankfully, the wasteland has some unique weapons of its own, you just have to know how to track them down.
Here is a list of most of the unique and rare weapons you can obtain in the game, with some helpful tips on how to acquire them.
Quick note: When I refer to a location on the map, I'm talking about the entirety of Commonwealth. When I say Boston, I'm only referring to the city itself in the middle and its northern outskirts.
2076 World Series Baseball Bat
Jamaica Plain, which is in the South East of the map. It's a reward under the Jamaica Plain City Hall.
Alien Blaster Pistol
A cave that's just East of Oberland Station on the West side of the map. Can be found once the nearby Crash Site has been investigated for Zetan activity.
Artillery Smoke Grenades
The Castle, which is found in the South East part of Boston. Can be found during the Minutemen quest "Old Guns," inside the Castle's tunnels.
Ashmaker
NH&M Freight Depot, which is in the South East part of the map. Reward for siding with or killing Farenheit at the of the side quest "The Big Dig."
Automatic Laser Musket
The Castle, which is found in the South East part of Boston. Given to you by Sturges at the conclusion of the Minutement quest "The Nuclear Option."
Big Boy
Diamond City Market: Commonwealth Weaponry / Arturo's House, located in the South West part of Boston. Bought from vendor.
Big Jim
Walden Pond, located in the North West part of the map. Take a dive to find this weapon.
Broadsider
USS Constitution, found in the Northern part of Boston. You get this as a reward for completing the side quest "Last Voyage of the U.S.S. Constitution."
Cryolator
Vault 111. Can be obtained after you've gained the ability to unlock Master locks, or once you obtain Dogmeat. You can check out the guide here.
Death from Above
Prydwen, found in the North East part of the map. This weapon is sold by Proctor Teagan once you reach the rank of Paladin (Brotherhood of Steel)
Deathclaw Gauntlet
Deathclaw Nest (Lynn Woods), found in the Northern part of the map. Reward for completing the side quest "The Devi's Due."
Deliverer
Old North Church, found in the North East part of Boston. A reward for completing the Railroad quest "Tradecraft."
Eddie's Peace
Andrew Station, found in the South East part of Boston. A reward for removing Eddie during the side quest "Long Time Coming."
Experiment 18-A
The Institute, found in the South East part of the map. Sold by the Institute Requisition vendor.
Final Judgment
Prydwen, found in the North East part of the map. Carried by Elder Maxson. Remove it from him during the Institute quest "Airship Down" or the Railroad quest "Precipice of War."
Furious Power Fist
Swan's Pond, found in the center of Boston. Remove the threat of Swan from Boston Common.
Gamma Gun
Parsons State Insane Asylum, found in the North part of the map. Reward for completing the side quest "The Secret of Cabot House."
General Chao's Revenge
Drumlin Diner, found in the North West part of the map. Settle the dispute with Trudy and you can purchase this serrated blade from her.
Good Intentions
Quincy Ruins, found in the South East part of the map. Carried by the Gunner leader Clint on the elevated freeway camp.
Grognak's Axe
Hubris Comics, found in Southern Boston. In the locked display case on the first floor. You'll need to be able to unlock Advanced locks.
HalluciGen Gas Grenades
HalluciGen, Inc. found in the North West part of Boston. You can craft these grenades at a Chemistry Workbench, but they require the HalluciGen Gas Canister obtained here.
Junk Jet
Arcjet Systems, found in the West part of the map. Can be found in the utility room in the lower level of the Arcjet Engine Core. This is accessible during the Brotherhood of Steel quest "Call to Arms."
Kellogg's .44
Fort Hagen, found in the West part of the map. Carried by Kellogg at this location. Kill him.
Kremvh's Tooth
Dunwich Borers, found in the North West part of the map. Found in the darkest depths of this location.
Le Fusil Terribles
Libertalia, found in the North East part of the map. Found in the Captain's cabin.
Lorenzo's Artifact
Parsons State Insane Asylum, found in the Northen section of the map. Reward for completing the side quest "The Secret of Cabot House."
Old Faithful
Diamond City Market: Commonwealth Weaponry / Arturo's House, found in the West part of Boston. Sold by this vendor.
Partystarter
Goodneighbor, found just to the East of Central Boston. Sold by KL-E-0 at Kill or Be Killed.
Pickman's Blade
Pickman Gallery, found in the North East part of Boston. Reward if you side with Pickman.
Prototype PA77
University Point, found in the South East part of Boston. It's inside a locked safe in the University Credit Union, requires Master unlock ability.
Railway Rifle
Old North Church, found in North East part of Boston. Reward for completing Railroad quest "Underground Undercover."
Reba
Rook Family House, found in the South East part of the map. Carried by Barney Rook.
Reba II
Rook Family House, found in the South East part of the map. Reward for helping Barney during quest "Barney Rook."
Righteous Authority
Arcjet Systems, however the quest starts in the Police Station with the Brotherhood of Steel, found in the North West outskirts of Boston. You get this as a reward for completing the quest "Call to Arms."
Rockville Slugger
Diamond City Market: Swatters, found in the Wester part of Boston. Sold by this vendor.
Sentinel's Plasmacaster
Prydwen, found in the North East part of the map. Sold by Proctor Teagan once you reach the rank of Sentinel (Brotherhood of Steel).
Shem Drowne's Sword
North End Graveyard, found in the North East part of Boston. Reward for completing the quest "The Gilded Grasshopper."
Shishkebab
Saugus Ironworks, found in the North part of the map. Found in the Blast Furnace, carried by Slag.
Short Syringer Rifle
Vault 81, found in the West part of the map. Complete the quest "Hole in the Wall."
Survivor's Special
Recon Bunker Theta, found in the North part of the map. You can obtain this by either killing Paladin Brandis, stealing it from him, or making him rejoin the Brotherhood of Steel in the quest "The Lost Patrol."
Tessa's Fist
Quincy Poice Station, found in the South East part of the map. Carried by Tessa, so you know what to do.
The Gainer
Vitale Pumphouse, found in the North East part of the map. Solve the number puzzle and this weapon can be found in the room with the steamer trunk.
Vertibird Signal Grenades
Prydwen, found in the North East part of the map. Reward for completing the Brotherhood of Steel quest "Show no Mercy." Can also be obtained by siding with the Railroad or Minutemen in the removal of Prydwen.
Virgil's Rifle
Rocky Cave, found in Virgil's Laboratory in the South West part of the map. Kill Virgil or steal it from him.
Wastelander's Friend
Bunker Hill, found in the Northern part of Boston. Sold by Deb.